What is 401(k)?
An employer-sponsored retirement savings plan allowing pre-tax or Roth contributions with potential employer matching.
Definition
A 401(k) is an employer-sponsored defined contribution retirement plan that allows employees to save and invest a portion of their paycheck before taxes (traditional) or after taxes (Roth 401k). Employers often match a percentage of contributions. The 2024 contribution limit is $23,000 ($30,500 for those 50+). For expats, 401(k) plans from former US employers remain tax-deferred but may have cross-border implications in the host country.
Who Needs to Know This?
US employees with employer-sponsored 401(k) plans. Expats with existing 401(k) balances must understand foreign country treatment of these accounts.
Key Deadline
Contributions made through payroll deduction throughout the year
Potential Penalties
10% early withdrawal penalty before age 59½; 25% penalty for SIMPLE IRA early withdrawals in first 2 years
Related Forms
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- 1Not understanding how foreign countries tax 401(k) distributions
- 2Taking early withdrawals without understanding penalty and tax impact
- 3Not rolling over when leaving an employer
- 4Expats not knowing treaty protections for 401(k) accounts
Related Terms
Harsh Agarwal, EA · IRS Enrolled Agent
Reviewed for accuracy by Zenith Financial Advisors
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